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. 2026 Mar 21;15(6):506. doi: 10.3390/biology15060506
HA Hydroxyapatite
GV germinal vesicle
CPAs Cryoprotectants
LN Liquid nitrogen
MMP Mitochondrial membrane potential
FBS Fetal bovine serum
TEM Transmission electron microscopy
HM Holding medium
EG Ethylene glycol
DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide
VS Vitrification Solution
OPS Open pulled straw
IVM In Vitro Maturation
IVF In Vitro Fertilization
IVC In Vitro Culture
PVS Perivitelline space
Mv Microvilli
Mi Mitochondria
ZP Zona pellucida
LHe Liquid helium