| α-SMA | α-smooth muscle actin |
| CCl4 | Carbon tetrachloride |
| ECM | Extracellular matrix |
| ERK | Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase |
| FAS | Fatty acid synthase |
| HCC | Hepatocellular carcinoma |
| HSCs | Hepatic stellate cells |
| IL | Interleukin |
| MASH | Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis |
| MASLD | Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease |
| MMPs | Matrix metalloproteinases |
| mTOR | Mechanistic target of rapamycin |
| PDGF | Platelet-derived growth factor |
| PPAR | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor |
| SREBP | Sterol regulatory element-binding protein |
| TIMPs | Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases |
| TNF | Tumor necrosis factor |
| UCP1 | Uncoupling protein 1 |
| VEGF | Vascular endothelial growth factor |
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