| TERM | Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine |
| Ru | Ruthenium |
| SPS | Sodium persulfate |
| GelMA | Gelatin methacryloyl |
| DW | Deionized water |
| EE | End-effector |
| DOF | Degrees of freedom |
| TERM | Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine |
| Ru | Ruthenium |
| SPS | Sodium persulfate |
| GelMA | Gelatin methacryloyl |
| DW | Deionized water |
| EE | End-effector |
| DOF | Degrees of freedom |