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. 2026 Mar 2;16(3):377. doi: 10.3390/biom16030377
3D three dimensional
AKT protein kinase B
ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
FAK focal adhesion kinase
GAPDH glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
IC50 concentration required to reduce metabolic activity by 50%
IL6, IL8 interleukin 6, 8
LPA lysophosphatidic acid
LPAR2 LPA receptor 2
mTOR mammalian target of rapamycin
NFκB nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
PARP poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase
PCNA proliferating cell nuclear antigen
PI3K phosphoinositide 3 kinase
TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-alpha
TNFR2 TNF receptor 2