| APCs | Antigen-presenting cells |
| AT1/AT2 | Alveolar type 1/type 2 cells |
| BEACON | BEACON CRC trial (encorafenib + cetuximab) |
| BRAF | v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 |
| CAF(s) | Cancer-associated fibroblast(s) |
| CA19-9 | Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 |
| CEA | Carcinoembryonic antigen |
| CRC | Colorectal cancer |
| ctDNA | Circulating tumor DNA |
| DCR | Disease control rate |
| EGFR | Epidermal growth factor receptor |
| EMT | Epithelial–mesenchymal transition |
| ERK | Extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
| GTPase | Guanosine triphosphatase |
| GTP | Guanosine triphosphate |
| GDP | Guanosine diphosphate |
| HRAS | Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog |
| KRAS | Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog |
| MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| mCRC | Metastatic colorectal cancer |
| MEK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAP2K) |
| mOS | Median overall survival |
| mPFS | Median progression-free survival |
| MHC | Major histocompatibility complex |
| MRD | Minimal residual disease |
| MYC | MYC proto-oncogene |
| NSCLC | Non-small cell lung cancer |
| ORR | Objective response rate |
| PDAC | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma |
| PFS | Progression-free survival |
| PI3K | Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase |
| PROTAC | Proteolysis-targeting chimera |
| RAF | Rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma kinase family |
| RAS | Rat sarcoma (small GTPase family) |
| SHP2 | Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (PTPN11) |
| SOS1 | Son of sevenless homolog 1 |
| TCR | T-cell receptor |
| TME | Tumor microenvironment |
| TRAE(s) | Treatment-related adverse event(s) |