Skip to main content
. 2026 Mar 3;33(3):148. doi: 10.3390/curroncol33030148
APCs Antigen-presenting cells
AT1/AT2 Alveolar type 1/type 2 cells
BEACON BEACON CRC trial (encorafenib + cetuximab)
BRAF v-Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1
CAF(s) Cancer-associated fibroblast(s)
CA19-9 Carbohydrate antigen 19-9
CEA Carcinoembryonic antigen
CRC Colorectal cancer
ctDNA Circulating tumor DNA
DCR Disease control rate
EGFR Epidermal growth factor receptor
EMT Epithelial–mesenchymal transition
ERK Extracellular signal-regulated kinase
GTPase Guanosine triphosphatase
GTP Guanosine triphosphate
GDP Guanosine diphosphate
HRAS Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
KRAS Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog
MAPK Mitogen-activated protein kinase
mCRC Metastatic colorectal cancer
MEK Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAP2K)
mOS Median overall survival
mPFS Median progression-free survival
MHC Major histocompatibility complex
MRD Minimal residual disease
MYC MYC proto-oncogene
NSCLC Non-small cell lung cancer
ORR Objective response rate
PDAC Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
PFS Progression-free survival
PI3K Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase
PROTAC Proteolysis-targeting chimera
RAF Rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma kinase family
RAS Rat sarcoma (small GTPase family)
SHP2 Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (PTPN11)
SOS1 Son of sevenless homolog 1
TCR T-cell receptor
TME Tumor microenvironment
TRAE(s) Treatment-related adverse event(s)