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. 2026 Mar 15;15(6):1027. doi: 10.3390/foods15061027
p−IRS 1 Y896 Phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1 at tyrosine 896
IRS 1 insulin receptor substrate 1
p−PI3K Phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3−Kinase
PI3K Phosphatidylinositol 3−Kinase
p−AKT Phosphorylation of protein Kinase B
AKT Protein Kinase B
p−GSK3β Phosphorylation of glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β
GSK3β Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β
GLUT4 Glucose Transporter 4
p−ACC Phosphorylation of acetyl-coa carboxylase
ACC Acetyl−coa carboxylase
FAS Fatty acid synthase
TLR4 Toll−like receptor 4
MyD88 Myeloid differentiation primary response 88
p−NF−κB Phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa−B
NF−κB nuclear factor kappa−B
TNF−α Tumor necrosis factor−α
IL−6 Interleukin−6
IL−1β Interleukin−1β
MT−ND1 NADH dehydrogenase 1 Gene
SDHB Succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit B
UQCRC2 Ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein II
COXIV Cytochrome c oxidase 4
PIK3R1 Phosphoinositide−3−kinase, regulatory subunit 1
PVDF Polyvinylidene fluoride
RT−qPCR Real−Time quantitative PCR
GAPDH Glyceraldehyde−3−phosphate dehydrogenase