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(a) Spontaneous curvature. Detergents typically have co > 0, whereas phospholipids have co ≈ 0. Some molecules, such as cholesterol, can be modeled as inverted cones and possess negative spontaneous curvature. (b) A fraction θ of molecules with nonzero curvature, co, in the rim of a pore's edge in a bilayer composed of lipid molecules having zero spontaneous curvature. The mean curvature in the rim is θco.
