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. 2026 Mar 23;15(6):2445. doi: 10.3390/jcm15062445
AI Artificial Intelligence
CNN Convolutional Neural Network
COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
CRDs Chronic Respiratory Diseases
CT Computed Tomography
DL Deep Learning
EBC Exhaled Breath Condensate
FOT Forced Oscillation Technique
GAN Generative Adversarial Network
LVRS Lung Volume Reduction Surgery
MIL Multiple Instance Learning
ML Machine Learning
NLP Natural Language Processing
SVM Support Vector Machine
HRCT High-Resolution Computed Tomography
PFT Pulmonary Function Test
FEV1 Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 s
AUC Area Under the Curve
ViT Vision Transformer
CLE/PLE/PSE Centrilobular/Panlobular/Paraseptal Emphysema
IoT Internet of Things
LSTM Long Short-Term Memory networks