| β | beta |
| AD | Alzheimer’s disease |
| GI | gastrointestinal |
| HRT | hormone replacement therapy |
| JAMA | Journal of the American Medical Association |
| MHT | menopause hormone therapy |
| MMP | matrix metalloproteinase |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| US FDA | United States Food and Drug Administration |
| TGF-β | transforming growth factor beta |
| WHI | Women’s Health Initiative |