AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
AKT	Protein kinase B
CSC	Cancer stem cell
ETC	Electron transport chain
HIF-1α	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha
IL-1β	Interleukin-1 beta
IL-6	Interleukin-6
KEAP1	Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1
MAPK	Mitogen-activated protein kinase
MS	Mass spectrometry
mtROS	Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species
NADPH	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa B
NRF2	Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2
OXPHOS	Oxidative phosphorylation
PPP	Pentose phosphate pathway
PI3K	Phosphoinositide 3-kinase
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
TCA cycle	Tricarboxylic acid cycle
TCM	Traditional Chinese medicine
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor alpha
UHPLC	Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography