3-PG	3-phosphoglycerate
3-PHP	3-phosphohydroxypyruvate
3xTg-AD	Triple-transgenic Alzheimer’s disease model
Aβ	Amyloid beta
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
AE	Aerobic exercise
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
APP-KI	Amyloid precursor protein knock-in
ATPIF1	ATPase inhibitory factor 1
AXIN	Axis inhibition protein
BACE1	Beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1
BBB	Blood–brain barrier
BDNF	Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
BOs	Brain organoids
CNS	Central nervous system
FNDC5	Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5
Gpld1	Glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1
HHTH	Helix–helix–turn–helix
HIPK2	Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 2
HMGB1	High mobility group box 1
IKKα	Inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase alpha
IL-1β	Interleukin-1 beta
LOAD	Late-onset Alzheimer’s disease
LTP	Long-term potentiation
mTOR	Mechanistic target of rapamycin
NAD+/NADH	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (oxidized/reduced)
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa-B
NCT-503	PHGDH inhibitor
NLRP3	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3
NMDA	N-methyl-D-aspartate
p38 MAPK	p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase
PET	Positron emission tomography
PGC-1α	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha
PHGDH	Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase
PK/PD	Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
sAD	Sporadic Alzheimer’s disease
SAM	S-adenosylmethionine
TREM2	Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2