AGEs	Advanced Glycation End Products
AN	Astragalus noeanus
ANB	Astragalus noeanus Butanol Sub-Extract
ANC	Astragalus noeanus Chloroform Sub-Extract
ANH	Astragalus noeanus Hexane Extract
ANM	Astragalus noeanus Methanol Extract
ANW	Astragalus noeanus Water Sub-Extract
ASTI–IV	Astragaloside I–IV
BHT	Butylated Hydroxytoluene
BSA	Bovine Serum Albumin
CCE	Cyclocanthoside E
COSY	Correlation Spectroscopy
CUPRAC	Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity
DM	Diabetes Mellitus
DNSA	3,5-Dinitrosalicylic Acid
DPP IV (DPP4)	Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV
EDTA	Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid
FRAP	Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power
FeE	FeSO4 Equivalents
GIP	Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide
GLP-1	Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
GG	Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG
HMBC	Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation
HPTLC	High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography
HRMS	High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry
HSQC	Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence
IC50	Half-Maximal Inhibitory Concentration
LE	Ligand Efficiency
LP	Lactobacillus paracasei
LR	Lactobacillus reuteri
MRS	De Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe Medium
NMR	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
OD600	Optical Density at 600 nm
PTP1B	Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B
QE	Quercetin Equivalent
RAGE	Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products
S.D.	Standard Deviation
TFC	Total Flavonoid Content
TOAC	Total Antioxidant Capacity
TPS	Total Saponin Content
TPTZ	2,4,6-Tris(2-pyridyl)-S-triazine
UV/VIS	Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometry
pNPP	Para-Nitrophenyl Phosphate