Skip to main content
. 2026 Mar 17;19(3):492. doi: 10.3390/ph19030492
ALT alanine aminotransferase
ANIT α-naphthylisothiocyanate
AST aspartate aminotransferase
AUC area under the concentration–time curve
BCRP breast cancer resistance protein
CE collision energy
Cmax maximum concentration
CXP collision cell exit potential
DH Da Huang
DP declustering potential
HB Huang Bo
HPLC High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
IS internal standard
LLOQ Lower limits of quantifications
MRM multiple reaction monitoring
MX Mang Xiao
p-NP p-nitrophenol
p-NPG p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside
t1/2 half-life of elimination
TBA total bile acids
Tmax time to reach the maximum concentration
TCM traditional Chinese medicine
UPLC–MS/MS ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
UDCA ursodeoxycholic acid
ZZ Zhi Zi