VFAs	Volatile Fatty Acids
SCFA	Short-chain fatty acids
AA	Acetate
PA	Propionate
BA	Butyrate
BHBA	β-Hydroxybutyrate
PEP	Phosphoenolpyruvate
NDF	Neutral detergent fiber
NFCs	Non-fiber carbohydrates
TCA cycle	Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
CAZymes	Carbohydrate-Active Enzymes
ACAT	Acetyl-CoA Acetyltransferase
BHBD	β-Hydroxybutyryl-CoA Dehydrogenase
HIF-1	Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1
ACSS2	Acyl-CoA Synthetase Short-Chain Family Member 2
HDAC	Histone Deacetylase
MCT1/4	Monocarboxylate Transporter 1/4
NHE3	Na+/H+ Exchanger 3
NBCe1	Sodium-Bicarbonate Cotransporter 1
AE2	Anion Exchanger 2
PCK1	Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
G6PC	Glucose-6-phosphatase
PCC	Propionyl-CoA carboxylase
MCEE	Methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase
MUT	Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase
IGF-1	Insulin-like Growth Factor-1
AMPK	AMP-activated Protein Kinase
PI3K	Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase
YAP	Yes-associated protein
RE	Rumen Epithelium
SC	Stratum Corneum
SG	Stratum Granulosum
SS	Stratum Spinosum
SB	Stratum Basale
SARA	Subacute Ruminal Acidosis
peNDF	physically effective Neutral Detergent Fiber
RDS	Rumen Degradable Starch
GH	Glycoside Hydrolase