| LAB | Lactic acid bacteria |
| MRS | de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe |
| OD | Optical density |
| PBS | Phosphate-buffered saline |
| PCA | Principal component analysis |
| WGS | Whole-genome sequencing |
| ARG | Antibiotic resistance gene |
| MGE | Mobile genetic element |
| VFDB | Virulence Factors Database |
| CARD | Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database |
| CRISPR | Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats |
| HGT | Horizontal gene transfer |
| DVS | Direct vat set |