ALT	Alanine aminotransferase
AMPK	AMP-activated protein kinase
AMP	Adenosine monophosphate
ApoB	Apolipoprotein B
AST	Aspartate aminotransferase
ATGL	Adipose triglyceride lipase
BMI	Body mass index
ChREBP	Carbohydrate response element-binding protein
CRP	C-reactive protein
CVD	Cardiovascular disease
CYP7A1	Cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1
DGAT	Diacylglycerol acyltransferase
DHA	Docosahexaenoic acid
DNL	De novo lipogenesis
EPA	Eicosapentaenoic acid
FODMAP	Fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols
FXR	Farnesoid X receptor
GLUT4	Glucose transporter type 4
HbA1c	Glycated hemoglobin (hemoglobin A1c)
HDL	High-density lipoprotein
HDL-C	High-density lipoprotein cholesterol
HOMA-IR	Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance
HPA	Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis
hs-CRP	High-sensitivity C-reactive protein
HSL	Hormone-sensitive lipase
IL-1β	Interleukin-1 beta
IL-6	Interleukin-6
LDL	Low-density lipoprotein
LDL-C	Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
LPL	Lipoprotein lipase
LPS	Lipopolysaccharide
MAFLD	Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease
MASH	Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis
MASLD	Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
MGL	Monoacylglycerol lipase
MHO	Metabolically healthy obesity
MUFAs	Monounsaturated fatty acids
MUO	Metabolically unhealthy obesity
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells
NHANES	National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
PKA	Protein kinase A
PPARα	Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
PUFA	Polyunsaturated fatty acid
PUFAs	Polyunsaturated fatty acids
SCFA	Short-chain fatty acid
SCFAs	Short-chain fatty acids
SREBP1	Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1
SREBP2	Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2
SVF	Stromal-vascular fraction
T2D	Type 2 diabetes
T2DM	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
TAG	Triacylglycerol
TGR5	Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5
TMAO	Trimethylamine N-oxide
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor alpha
TRL	Triglyceride-rich lipoprotein
UPF	Ultra-processed food
VLDL	Very-low-density lipoprotein