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. 2026 Mar 12;26(6):1793. doi: 10.3390/s26061793
AM Attention mechanism
ANN Artificial neural networks
AR Auto regressive
ARIMA Auto regressive integrated moving average
ARIMAX Auto regressive integrated moving average
ARMA Auto regressive moving average
BPNN Back propagation neural network
CNN Convolutional neural network
CONV Convolution operation
CSO Competitive swarm optimization
DGCA Deep convolutional generative adversarial network
DIFPSO Particle swarm optimization algorithm based on dynamic inertia factor
EGWO Enhanced Gray wolf optimization
GA Genetic algorithm optimization
GFM Generalized fuzzy model
GHI Global horizontal irradiation
GRUP Gated recurrent unit pool
GWO Grey wolf optimization
IGIVA Improved grey ideal value approximation
IVMD Improved variational mode decomposition
KF Kalman filter
LGBM Light gradient boosting machine
LSTM Long short-term memory neural network
MED Multivariate empirical mode decomposition
MLP Multilayer perceptron network
NA Noise-assisted
NN Neural network
NWP Numerical weather prediction
PI Prediction interval
PSO Particle swarm optimization
PV Photovoltaic system
RBF Radial basis function neural network
RNN Recurrent neural network
SVM Support vector machine
FS Forecast skill
SVR Support vector regression
IMF Intrinsic mode function
WT Wavelet transform
WOA Whale optimization algorithm
WD Wavelet decomposition
WPD Wavelet packet decomposition
EMD Empirical mode decomposition
SCA Sine cosine algorithm
PCA Principal component analysis
GBM Gradient boosting machine
GRU Gated recurrent unit
ML Machine learning
MSE Mean Squared Error
MAE Mean absolute error
RMSE Root mean square error
DHOA Deer hunting optimization algorithm
R Pearson correlation coefficient
s Skill score
DL Deep Learning
FE Forecasting error
FOS Flock-of-starlings optimization
ALO Ant Lion optimization
ELM Extreme learning machine
PDPP Principles under a partial daily pattern prediction
IDBN Improved deep belief network
VARX Vector autoregressive model with Exogenous variables
QRLSTM Quantile regression long short-term memory
VMD Variational mode decomposition
PSFV Prediction of Photovoltaic system
TS Temporal series