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. 2003 Jul;85(1):27–35. doi: 10.1016/S0006-3495(03)74451-8

FIGURE 2.

FIGURE 2

FIGURE 2

Normal modes for a 13-subunit repeat of F-actin filament. The a–c′ represent the lowest-frequency modes for each type of mode: a and a′ are the bending modes (modes 7 and 10); b and b′ are the twisting modes (modes 9 and 12); and c and c′ are the stretching modes (modes 15 and 25). The two helical strands of F-actin are in different colors. Each mode is represented by two opposite end-point structures. The orientation of the filament in each mode is chosen to best illustrate that particular mode. (d) Schematic illustration of typical low-frequency normal modes (bending, twisting, and stretching) for a homogeneous elastic rod. Two lowest-frequency modes are shown for each type of mode, with the solid arrow indicating the increase of frequency.