TABLE 1.

Model parameter estimates and used experimental data with references

Theoretical estimates	Measured data	References for data
Lipid and protein components of the grana thylakoid
The membrane volume fractions, φprotein/φlipid = 1.0; the protein component fractions, φPSI = 0.15, φPSII = 0.61, φLHCII = 0.12, φcyt b6f = 0.09, and φATPsyn = 0.03	The grana core area, 60%; The grana margin area, 40%; The protein-lipid ratio, 1:1; The PSI-PSII ratio, 7:3; 3 LHCII and 0.6 cyt b6f per PSII; 1 ATP synthase per PSI	Albertsson (2001); Staehelin and van der Staay (1996); Drepper et al. (1993)
Approximate spherical radii, σPSI = 60 Å; σPSII = 80 Å; σLHCII = 35 Å; σcyt b6f = 40 Å; and σATPsyn = 30 Å	Maximal sizes along membrane, 160 × 120 Å (PSI-monomer), 197 × 135 Å (PSII-dimer), 73 × 73 Å (LHCII-trimer), 83 × 44 Å (cyt b6f monomer), 65 × 65 Å (ATP syn)	van Roon et al. (2000); Kuhlbrandt et al. (1994); Boekema et al. (1994)
Lipid monomer number density, ρL = 1.56 × 10−3 Å−3	Bilayer thickness, Lbilayer = 50 Å; Lipid segment length, dL = 4.8 Å; Area per lipid molecule, a = 64 Å2	Thorne and Duniec (1983); Marsh (1997); Kleinschmidt and Marsh (1997)
Interaction and diffusion of the photosystems
The Bjerrum length,*rB = 0.0007 μm	Stromal dielectric constant, ɛ = 81	Thorne and Duniec (1983)
Effective electric charges,†q1 = −14.3 × 10−19 C; q2 = −9.29 × 10−19 C	Membrane surface charge densities,† −0.86 × 10−14 C/μm2 (the PSI vicinity); −1.3 × 10−14 C/μm2 (the PSII vicinity)	Itoh (1978, 1979)
The Hamaker constant, AH = 1.75 (in kT units)	Dielectric constants, ɛlipid = 2, ɛprotein = 3, ɛwater = 81; Refractive indices, nlipid = 1.41, nprotein = 1.55, nwater = 1.33	Haltia and Freire (1995); Israelachvili (1992)
The Brownian times,*τBr(1) = 0.31 s, τBr(2) = 0.72 s	Diffusion coefficients,*‡D1 = 1.17 × 10−4μm2/s, D2 = 0.88 × 10−4μm2/s	Drepper et al. (1993)

^*At temperature kT = 4.0 × 10⁻²¹ J in energy units.

^†At pH = 7.6.

^‡The Monte-Carlo simulation results with using experimental data.