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. 2026 Mar 5;24:439. doi: 10.1186/s12967-026-07876-x

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© The Author(s) 2026

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — IGF2BP3 enhances endothelial intercellular communication and activates adhesion/angiogenic signaling. (A) Bar plots comparing the number of inferred interactions and total interaction strength between IGF2BP3-high and IGF2BP3-low EC networks. (B) Heatmaps showing the differences in the number or intensity of interactions between all cell types in IGF2BP3-high group and IGF2BP3-low group. Orange represents an increase in IGF2BP3-low group compared to IGF2BP3-high group, while green represents a decrease. The colored bar graph at the top represents the total value of each column displayed in the heatmap (incoming signal). The colored bar graph on the right represents the total value of each row (outgoing signal). (C) Comparison of several signaling pathways in IGF2BP3-high and IGF2BP3-low groups. (D) Circular network views of representative pathways (COLLAGEN, LAMININ, CXCL, VEGF) in IGF2BP3-high vs. IGF2BP3-low groups. (E) Dot-plot of ligand–receptor pairs between ECs and other cell types. (F) Dot-plot highlighting significant ligand–receptor pairs (p < 0.01), enriched for COL4A1/2–CD44 and LAMININ–integrin axes (e.g., LAMA5–ITGA1/ITGB1; LAMB2–ITGA6/ITGB1/ITGB4). (G) Expression of selected ligand–receptor genes in IGF2BP3-high vs. IGF2BP3-low endothelial cells (ITGB1, ITGA2, LAMB2, VEGFB). Distributions are shown as half-violin/box plots (line = median). P values from two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were adjusted by Benjamini–Hochberg FDR (*** q < 0.001, ** q < 0.01, * q < 0.05)