Table 1.
Sample Demographics
| Variable | Placebo (n=20) |
Endotoxin (n=20) |
Statistic | P-Value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Matched Controls (n=10) |
AUD (n=10) |
Matched Controls (n=10) |
AUD (n=10) |
|||
|
Demographic
Characteristics |
||||||
| Sex (no., %) | X2=0.00 | p=1.00 | ||||
| Male | 6 (60.00) | 6 (60.00) | 6 (60.00) | 6 (60.00) | ||
| Female | 4 (40.00) | 4 (40.00) | 4 (40.00) | 4 (40.00) | ||
| Mean Age (SD) | 26.70 (7.72) | 27.80 (7.58) | 29.50 (7.75) | 30.30 (6.53) | F=0.00 | p=0.949 |
| Race (no., %) | X2=5.75 | p=0.451 | ||||
| White | 5 (50.00) | 5 (50.00) | 3 (30.00) | 6 (60.00) | ||
| Black/African American | 2 (20.00) | 1 (10.00) | 1 (10.00) | 0 (0.00) | ||
| American Indian/Alaskan Native | 0 (0.00) | 1 (10.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | ||
| Asian/Asian American/Pacific Islander | 2 (20.00) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (20.00) | 2 (20.00) | ||
| Mixed Race | 0 (0.00) | 1 (10.00) | 1 (10.00) | 1 (10.00) | ||
| Other | 1 (10.00) | 2 (20.00) | 3 (30.00) | 1 (10.00) | ||
| Hispanic/Latinx (no., %) | X2=2.85 | p=0.091 | ||||
| Yes | 1 (10.00) | 5(50.00) | 3 (30.70) | 4 (40.00) | ||
| No | 9 (90.00) | 5 (50.00) | 7 (70.00) | 6 (60.00) | ||
| Mean Yrs of Education (SD) | 16.00 (1.00) | 16.00 (2.45) | 14.81 (1.60) | 16.90 (2.13) | F=2.73 | p=0.108 |
| Mean BMI (SD) | 23.82 (3.41) | 24.99 (4.07) | 24.62 (2.49) | 27.25 (3.72) | F=2.99a | p=0.092 |
| Mean BDI (SD) | 1.50 (2.46) | 7.40 (6.28) | 1.40 (2.37) | 7.80 (7.90) | F=13.34 a | p<0.001 |
| Mean AUDIT (SD) | N/A | 12.00 (2.66) | N/A | 13.30 (6.18) | t=−0.61 | p=0.549 |
| Mean DPDD (SD) | N/A | 4.58 (1.95) | N/A | 4.12 (1.40) | t=0.60 | p=0.559 |
| Mean SCID Symptom (SD)1 | N/A | 4.20 (1.93) | N/A | 4.10 (1.85) | t=0.33 | p=0.749 |
| RRHDS (no., %) | X2=0.00 | p=1.00 | ||||
| Reward | N/A | 9 (90.00) | N/A | 9 (90.00) | ||
| Relief | N/A | 1 (10.00) | N/A | 1 (10.00) | ||
| Habit | N/A | 0 (0.00) | N/A | 0 (0.00) | ||
| Baseline Physiological | ||||||
| Mean Systolic (SD) | 112.90 (4.79) | 122.10 (13.49) | 122.60 (13.29) | 124.80 (11.04) | F=3.05b | p=0.089 |
| Mean Diastolic (SD) | 61.20 (7.52) | 77.00 (4.67) | 73.50 (9.43) | 80.00 (9.29) | F=19.61 a | p<0.001 |
| Mean Temperature (SD) | 97.77 (0.64) | 98.12 (0.75) | 97.50 (0.78) | 98.38 (0.81) | F=6.66 a | p=0.014 |
| Mean Heart Rate (SD) | 66.10 (9.76) | 68.50 (12.96) | 64.30 (7.92) | 66.90 (7.40) | F=0.00 | p=0.974 |
| Baseline Cytokines | ||||||
| Mean TNF-α (SD) | 1.46 (0.38) | 1.29 (0.38) | 1.34 (0.39) | 1.61 (0.78) | F=1.05 | p=0.313 |
| Mean IL-6 (SD) | 0.97 (1.27) | 0.78 (0.96) | 0.52 (0.23) | 0.54 (0.30) | F=0.16 | p=0.689 |
| Mean IL-8 (SD) | 2.90 (0.71) | 2.81 (0.92) | 3.39 (0.88) | 3.93 (2.61) | F=0.46 | p=0.504 |
|
24 Hour Before
Experimental Visit Characteristics |
||||||
| Alcohol use (% Yes) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (10.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | X2=1.03 | p=0.311 |
| Smoking (% Yes) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (10.00) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (10.00) | X2=2.11 | p=0.147 |
| Exercise activity (% Yes) | 3 (30.00) | 6 (60.00) | 7 (70.00) | 3 (30.00) | X2=0.23 | p=0.634 |
| THC Positive (no., %) | N/A | 3 (30.00) | N/A | 0 (0.00) | X2=1.57 | p=0.210 |
Note. F and p statistic values represent the interaction effect between group and treatment variables unless otherwise indicated. X2 and p statistics represent group differences unless otherwise indicated. BMI = Body Mass Index; BDI = Beck’s Depression Inventory; AUDIT = Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test; DPDD = Drinks per Drinking Day, SCID = Structured Clinical Interview for DSM 5; RRHDS = Reward Relief Habit Drinking Scale; TNF-α = Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; IL-6 = interleukin-6; IL-8 = interleukin-8.
n=1 participant met for one symptom of alcohol use disorder (AUD) and therefore did not meet criteria for AUD. All other participants in the AUD sample (n=19) met criteria for mild-severe AUD
Main effect of group reported; AUD > matched control
Main effect of treatment reported; endotoxin > placebo