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Schematic of ATP synthase. (a) Cross section of the F1 assembly showing the β-subunit bending to turn the γ-shaft. (b) Cartoon showing the escapement for the F1 motor. Bending of the β-subunits is driven by the sliding of the P-loop over the ATP phosphates. The helix-turn-helix at the C-terminal tip of the β-subunit pushes on the eccentric γ-shaft to produce the rotary torque.
