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. 2026 Mar 28;16:10796. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-34320-9

Table 5.

Performance comparison of detection models based on auto hyperparameter Tuning.

Methods Cr In Pa Ps Rs Sc mAP@0.5 (%)
YOLOv9c 33.5 81.2 97.3 94.6 61.2 82.1 75
YOLOv9c + Tuning 28.2 81.8 97.8 94.8 59 93.2 75.8
The Proposed DCBS-YOLO 25.8 81.6 98.4 95.3 60.8 92.5 75.7
The Proposed DCBS-YOLO + Tuning 36.6 81.1 96.3 95.5 63.7 88.3 76.9