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Protein environment of the heme rings a and a3. For clarity, heme group tails are not shown. The dominant electron transfer pathway from heme a to a3 (dotted line) is mediated by CMD-HMD[123] groups, which are located in a strongly hydrophobic environment. Polar and charged residues are located close to negatively charged CGD-O[12] D groups, which are not involved in the dominant pathways.
