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Infant gut-microbiota development during the first 1000 days. Gut colonization begins at birth and is shaped by delivery mode, feeding (breastmilk vs. formula), and early antibiotics. Infancy favors Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, while the introduction of solids increases Bacteroides and Firmicutes. By toddlerhood, diet and environment drive diversification, resulting in an adult-like microbiota dominated by Bacteroides, Ruminococcus, and Faecalibacterium
