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Effect on uptake caused by the multicellular environment within a spheroid before and during electroporation. (A) Isolated cells electroporated in suspension. Intact spheroids electroporated and analyzed as cells from the periphery (B) and interior (C) of the spheroid. Cells harvested from the periphery (D) or interior (E) of dissociated spheroids and electroporated as isolated cells in suspension. One 19-ms exponential-decay pulse of 0.46 kV/cm was used. Average is mean ± SE; n = 3.
