Table 4.
Nurses' pain management competence status and associated factors (N = 1,885).
| Variable | n (%) | SNPMC score | t/F | p-Value | Multi compare | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Economic region | Easterna | 742 (39.4) | 82.8 ± 27.8 | 17.122 | <0.001 | a, b > c |
| Centralb | 707 (37.5) | 84.6 ± 26.2 | ||||
| Westernc | 436 (23.1) | 74.8 ± 32.1 | ||||
| Hospital tier | Tertiary hospital | 1,628 (86.4) | 82.0 ± 28.4 | 1.403 | 0.161 | |
| Secondary hospital | 257 (13.6) | 79.3 ± 29.3 | ||||
| Sex | Male | 32 (1.7) | 82.4 ± 27.7 | 0.153 | 0.878 | |
| Female | 1,853 (98.3) | 81.6 ± 28.6 | ||||
| Age (years) | <30a | 600 (31.8) | 75.6 ± 32.5 | 19.965 | <0.001 | a < b, c |
| 30–39b | 939 (49.8) | 84.1 ± 26.5 | ||||
| ≥40c | 346 (18.4) | 85.3 ± 24.5 | ||||
| Seniority (years) | <10a | 831 (44.1) | 77.5 ± 31.6 | 16.057 | <0.001 | a < b, c |
| 10–15b | 657 (34.9) | 84.2 ± 26.4 | ||||
| >15c | 397 (21.1) | 85.9 ± 23.7 | ||||
| Education | Associate degreea | 219 (11.6) | 76.6 ± 33.3 | 6.916 | 0.001 | a, c < b |
| Bachelor's degreeb | 1,598 (84.8) | 82.6 ± 27.6 | ||||
| Postgraduate degreec | 68 (3.6) | 74.0 ± 31.8 | ||||
| Professional title | Entry-levela | 836 (44.4) | 77.7 ± 31.8 | 14.688 | <0.001 | a < b, c |
| Intermediate-levelb | 868 (46) | 84.6 ± 25.7 | ||||
| Senior-levelc | 181 (9.6) | 85.6 ± 22.6 | ||||
| Job position | Bedside nurse | 1,640 (87) | 81.4 ± 29.0 | 1.127 | 0.324 | |
| Nurse educator or team leader | 94 (5) | 85.9 ± 24.3 | ||||
| Nurse manager | 151 (8) | 81.5 ± 25.3 | ||||
| Department | Obstetrics and gynecologya | 138 (7.3) | 75.3 ± 33.1 | 5.052 | <0.001 | b, c, e, f > g |
| Colorectal surgeryb | 50 (2.7) | 89.1 ± 19.4 | ||||
| Orthopedicsc | 878 (46.6) | 84.0 ± 26.8 | ||||
| Head and neck-breast surgeryd | 79 (4.2) | 79.6 ± 32.2 | ||||
| Urologye | 105 (5.6) | 82.6 ± 24.7 | ||||
| General Surgeryf | 508 (26.9) | 80.8 ± 28.6 | ||||
| Neurosurgeryg | 62 (3.3) | 66.8 ± 39.6 | ||||
| Cardiothoracic Surgeryh | 65 (3.4) | 78.6 ± 29.2 | ||||
| Is annual pain management training provided to nurses at the hospital? | No | 455 (24.1) | 77.4 ± 31.2 | 3.650 | <0.001 | |
| Yes | 1,430 (75.9) | 83.0 ± 27.5 | ||||
| Have you participated in any pain management continuing education or academic conferences in the past 3 years? | No | 1,124 (59.6) | 78.7 ± 30.5 | 5.372 | <0.001 | |
| Yes | 761 (40.4) | 85.9 ± 24.8 | ||||
The superscript letters (a-h) denote the subgroups used in post-hoc multiple comparisons.