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. 2026 Apr 1;35(5):125. doi: 10.1007/s11136-026-04240-w

Table 1.

Descriptive statistics (n = 241; 108 [44.8%] females and 133 [55.2%] males)

Variable M (SD) or n (%) Skewness Kurtosis
Baseline age 46.35 (10.45) − 0.08 − 0.42
Onset age 26.47 (6.32) 0.28 − 0.72
Educational years 11.64 (2.74) − 0.23 − 0.07
Phy_T1 13.37 (2.59) − 0.23 0.07
Psy_T1 12.19 (2.99) − 0.14 − 0.19
Soc_T1 12.80 (2.85) 0.01 0.27
Env_T1 13.17 (2.43) 0.01 0.29
Aff_T1 2.25 (0.68) − 0.35 − 0.34
Beh_T1 2.35 (0.78) − 0.29 − 0.55
Cog_T1 2.12 (0.73) 0.07 − 0.31
IMP/ATT_T1 2.14 (7.92) 5.65 37.54
Suicidality_T1 2.68 (4.74) 2.92 10.83
Dep_T1 8.95 (10.10) 1.36 1.41
Anx_T1 9.28 (8.71) 1.03 0.76
Str_T1 10.31 (9.57) 0.87 0.22
Aff_T2 2.23 (0.75) − 0.08 − 0.49
Beh_T2 2.29 (0.82) 0.05 − 0.58
Cog_T2 2.13 (0.77) 0.21 − 0.46
Phy_T3 13.64 (2.59) − 0.42 0.17
Psy_T3 12.62 (3.21) − 0.44 0.19
Soc_T3 12.88 (2.86) − 0.50 0.66
Env_T3 13.25 (2.54) − 0.30 0.51
Living status_T1
 Alone 24 (10.0)
 With family 182 (75.5)
 With friends 3 (1.2)
 Others 32 (13.3)
Marital status
 Married 42 (17.4)
 Single 167 (69.3)
 Others 32 (13.3)
Physical disease_T1
 No 143 (59.3)
 Yes 98 (40.7)
Employment status_T1
 Full-time 44 (18.3)
 Part-time 12 (5.0)
 Supportive employment 27 (11.2)
 Housekeeping 11 (4.6)
 Retired 6 (2.5)
 Currently unemployed 137 (56.8)
 Never worked 4 (1.6)
Educational level_T1
 Primary school 11 (4.6)
 Junior high school 45 (18.7)
 Senior high school 108 (44.8)
 Associate degree 33 (13.7)
 Bachelor degree 42 (17.4)
 Master degree or above 2 (0.8)

SD standard deviation, SE standard error, Phy physical quality of life, Psy psychological quality of life, Soc social quality of life, Env environment quality of life, Aff affective self-stigma, Beh behavior self-stigma, Cog cognitive self-stigma, IMP/ATT inattention and impulsivity symptoms, Suicidality suicide risk, Dep depression, Anx anxiety, Str stress, T1 timepoint 1, T2 timepoint 2, T3 timepoint 3