Table 2. Pleiotropic genes druggable for skin diseases or GIT diseases.
| Pleiotropic genes | Drugs | Indication | Action | Trait pairs |
|
For each gene, only one drug is present (All drugs are listed in Supplementary Table 6). Drugs simultaneously applicable to skin diseases and GIT diseases are marked in bold.*Unknown means still in trials.Abbreviations: AD, atopic dermatitis; GORD, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease; HS, hidradenitis suppurativa; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; IBS, irritable bowel syndrome; PUD, peptic ulcer disease; SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus. | ||||
| CYP21A2 | Ketoconazole | Seborrheic dermatitis and fungal skin infections | Inhibitor | AD–IBD, HS–IBD, SLE–IBD, SLE–IBS, Urticaria–IBD |
| ERBB2 | Trastuzumab | Gastroesophageal and gastric cancers | Binder antibody | SLE–IBD |
| ERBB3 | Tucatinib | Colorectal cancer | Inhibitor | AD–GORD |
| FCGR2A | Etanercept | Plaque psoriasis | Ligand | SLE–IBD |
| FCGR2B | Etanercept | Plaque psoriasis | Ligand | SLE–IBD |
| IL12B | Ustekinumab | Plaque psoriasis, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis | Inhibitor | Psoriasis–IBD |
| IL13 | Lebrikizumab | Atopic dermatitis | Antibody | AD–PUD, Psoriasis–PUD, Psoriasis–IBD |
| IL2 | Cefazolin | Bacterial infections of the skin | Inhibitor | AD–IBD, AD–IBS, Psoriasis–IBD |
| IL2RA | Aldesleukin | Metastatic melanoma | Agonist modulator | AD–PUD, AD–IBD |
| IL4 | Dupilumab | Atopic dermatitis | Inhibitor antibody | AD–GORD, AD–IBD, Psoriasis–IBD |
| ITGAX | Efalizumab | Chronic plaque psoriasis | Antibody | SLE–IBD |
| KAT5 | Coenzyme A | Acne (in trials) | Unknown* | AD–IBD, AD–IBS |
| LTA | Etanercept | Plaque psoriasis | Ligand | AD–PUD, AD–GORD, SLE–PUD, SLE–GORD, SLE–IBD, SLE–IBS, Psoriasis–PUD, Psoriasis–GORD, Psoriasis–IBD, Urticaria–GORD |
| NEU1 | Celecoxib | Familial adenomatous polyposis | Inhibitor | AD–IBD, SLE–IBD, Urticaria–GORD, Urticaria–IBS |
| PDE4A | Roflumilast | Psoriasis vulgaris and seborrheic dermatitis | Inhibitor | SLE–IBD, Psoriasis–IBD |
| S1PR5 | Ozanimod | Ulcerative colitis | Agonist | SLE–IBD, Psoriasis–IBD |
| TNF | Adalimumab | Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, psoriasis, and hidradenitis suppurativa | Inhibitor antibody | Psoriasis–IBS |
| TUBB | Tirbanibulin | Actinic keratosis | Inhibitor | Acne–GORD, Urticaria–GORD, Urticaria–IBD, Urticaria–IBS |