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. 2026 Apr 2;16(20):17784–17800. doi: 10.1039/d5ra09466f

Table 5. Anti-interference of foreign species on the determination of NA (10.0 µM) at β-CD/AB/GCE (n = 3).

Category Interferent Interferent concentration/NA ratio Signal change for NA (%)
Biological Ascorbic acid (AA) 1.0 mM (100-fold) 2.3
Biological Uric acid (UA) 1.0 mM (100-fold) −1.8
Biological Dopamine (DA) 1.0 mM (100-fold) 1.7
Biological Glucose 5.0 mM (500-fold) 1.2
Electrolyte Na+ 5.0 mM (500-fold) −1.3
Electrolyte K+ 5.0 mM (500-fold) 0.9
Electrolyte Ca2+ 5.0 mM (500-fold) −1.6
Electrolyte Mg2+ 5.0 mM (500-fold) 1.5
Electrolyte Cl 5.0 mM (500-fold) −0.8
Electrolyte NO3 5.0 mM (500-fold) 0.6
Electrolyte SO42− 5.0 mM (500-fold) −1.1
Heavy metal Cu2+ 0.50 mM (50-fold) −3.5
Heavy metal Pb2+ 0.50 mM (50-fold) 3.1
Heavy metal Zn2+ 0.50 mM (50-fold) −2.7