Comparison of analytical solutions using the improved boundary condition (left, “Improved BC”) or a linear approximation between electrodes (right, “Linear BC”) and the numerical solution for w′ = 0.2. (A) Electric potential and field components at the electrode boundary, z′ = 0, demonstrate a closer match between the numerical model and the improved BC analytical model compared to the linear BC model. (B) Comparison between electric field magnitude from numerical solution and analytical solutions |E′|, where contour shading indicates relative error: The improved BC solution (left) deviates from the numerical solution by <3% for a majority of the solution space (dark red/orange), whereas the linear solution (right) deviates by >10% throughout most of the volume (white). Similar accuracy is achieved with models of different geometry.