Effects of geometry on patterning efficiency by −DEP (A, C) and +DEP (B, D) for constant chamber height. The complete patterning time, nondimensionalized to chamber height, , varies with electrode spacing d* = d/h and electrode width w* = w/h. Model calculations are presented as contour plots (log contours at 1, 2, 5 gradations) above (A, B) and as families of curves below (C, D) for particular electrode widths.