Table 1.
Comparison of Baseline Characteristics Between COPD Patients with Successful Smoking Cessation and Those with Failed Smoking Cessation
| Characteristic | Category | Total (n=221) | Successful Cessation (n=92) | Failed Cessation (n=129) | Z/χ2 Value | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 67.00(62.00,74.00) | 70.00(64.00,76.00) | 63.00(59.00,69.25) | −4.981 | <0.001 | |
| Sex, n (%) | Male | 183(82.8) | 74(80.4) | 109(84.5) | 0.622 | 0.430 |
| Female | 38(17.2) | 18(19.6) | 20(15.5) | |||
| Marital Status, n (%) | Married | 179(81.0) | 77(83.7) | 102(79.1) | 0.747 | 0.388 |
| Other | 42(19.0) | 15(16.3) | 27(20.9) | |||
| Education Level, n (%) | High school or above | 85(38.5) | 39(42.4) | 46(35.7) | 1.038 | 0.311 |
| Below high school | 136(61.5) | 53(57.6) | 83(64.3) | |||
| Residence, n (%) | Urban | 188(85.1) | 76(82.6) | 112(86.8) | 0.750 | 0.386 |
| Rural | 33(14.9) | 16(17.4) | 17(13.2) | |||
| Monthly Income per Capita (¥), n (%) | ≤3000 | 64(29.0) | 28(30.4) | 36(27.9) | 0.167 | 0.683 |
| >3000 | 157(71.0) | 64(69.6) | 93(72.1) | |||
| Employment Status, n (%) | Employed | 54(24.4) | 26(28.3) | 28(21.7) | 1.125 | 0.264 |
| Other | 167(75.6) | 66(71.7) | 101(78.3) | |||
| CAT Score, n (%) | ≤20 | 139(62.9) | 58(63.0) | 81(62.8) | 0.001 | 0.969 |
| >20 | 82(37.1) | 34(37.0) | 48(37.2) | |||
| mMRC Grade, n (%) | ≤ Grade 2 | 105 (47.5) | 47 (51.1) | 58 (45.0) | 0.808 | 0.369 |
| > Grade 2 | 116 (52.5) | 45 (48.9) | 71 (55.0) | |||
| GOLD Grade, n (%) | Mild/Moderate | 114 (51.6) | 84 (65.1) | 30 (32.6) | 22.722 | <0.001 |
| Severe/Very Severe | 107 (48.4) | 45 (34.9) | 62 (67.4) | |||
| Comorbidities, n (%) | Yes | 120(54.3) | 50(54.3) | 70(54.3) | 0.001 | 0.990 |
| No | 101(45.7) | 42(45.7) | 59(45.7) | |||
| Prior Surgery, n (%) | Yes | 25(11.3) | 8(8.7) | 17(13.2) | 1.676 | 0.195 |
| No | 196(88.7) | 84(91.3) | 84(86.8) | |||
| Post-COVID Sequelae, n (%) | Yes | 65(29.4) | 18(19.6) | 47(36.4) | 7.360 | 0.007 |
| No | 156(70.6) | 74(80.4) | 82(63.6) | |||
| Hospitalization for Acute Exacerbation, n (%) | Yes | 177(80.1) | 72(78.3) | 105(81.4) | 0.331 | 0.565 |
| No | 44(19.9) | 20(21.7) | 24(18.6) | |||
| Non - Smoking Hobbies/Activities, n (%) | Yes | 134(60.6) | 55(59.8) | 79(61.2) | 0.048 | 0.827 |
| No | 87(39.4) | 37(40.2) | 50(38.8) | |||
| Alcohol Consumption, n (%) | Yes | 106(48.0) | 48(52.2) | 58(45.0) | 1.119 | 0.290 |
| No | 115(52.0) | 44(47.8) | 71(55.0) | |||
| Regular Physical Exercise, n (%) | Yes | 93(42.1) | 31(33.7) | 62(48.1) | 4.547 | 0.033 |
| No | 128(57.9) | 61(66.3) | 67(51.9) | |||
| Smoking Duration, n (%) | ≤40 years | 148(67.0) | 65(70.7) | 83(64.3) | 0.967 | 0.325 |
| >40 years | 73(33.0) | 27(29.3) | 46(35.7) | |||
| Daily Cigarette Consumption, n (%) | ≤20 cigarettes | 150(67.9) | 70(76.1) | 80(62.0) | 0.432 | 0.027 |
| >20 cigarettes | 71(32.1) | 22(23.9) | 49(38.0) | |||
| Nicotine Dependence Level, n (%) | Mild/Moderate Dependence | 101(45.7) | 41(44.6) | 60(46.5) | 0.082 | 0.775 |
| Severe Dependence | 120(54.3) | 51(55.4) | 69(53.5) | |||
| Smoking to Expel Phlegm, n (%) | Yes | 118(53.4) | 52(56.5) | 66(51.2) | 0.620 | 0.431 |
| No | 103(46.6) | 40(43.5) | 63(48.8) | |||
| Smoking Cessation Self-Efficacy Cessation (points) | 38.00(24.00,43.00) | 42.00(25.00,44.25) | 36.00(23.00,42.00) | −0.768 | 0.043 | |
| Health Belief Score for Smoking Cessation (points) | 57.00(46.00,62.00) | 55.50(47.00,62.25) | 57.00(43.00,61.00) | −1.074 | 0.283 | |
| Depression Score (points) | 7.00(4.00,21.00) | 5.00(3.00,7.00) | 17.00(15.00,24.25) | −5.956 | <0.001 | |
| Stress Score (points) | 45.00(37.00,50.00) | 43.00(34.75,50.00) | 45.00(38.00,50.00) | −1.310 | 0.190 | |
| Death Anxiety Score (points) | 30.00(25.00,36.00) | 31.00(27.00,41.00) | 29.00(25.00,32.25) | −3.157 | 0.002 | |
| Peer Support Score (points) | 26.00(22.00,29.00) | 26.00(22.00,29.00) | 26.00(22.00,30.00) | −0.757 | 0.449 | |
| Peer Quit-Smoking Partner Complaints Score (points) | 25.00(17.00,33.00) | 22.00(14.00,28.00) | 32.00(21.00,38.00) | −5.560 | <0.001 | |
| Received Smoking Cessation Education from Healthcare Providers, n (%) | Yes | 204(92.3) | 87(94.6) | 117(90.7) | 1.131 | 0.288 |
| No | 17(7.7) | 5(5.4) | 12(9.3) | |||
| Satisfied with Smoking Cessation Guidance from Healthcare Providers, n (%) | Yes | 185(83.7) | 74(80.4) | 111(86.0) | 1.240 | 0.265 |
| No | 36(16.3) | 18(19.6) | 18(14.0) | |||
| Offered or Urged to Smoke in Social Settings, n (%) | Yes | 142(64.3) | 57(62.0) | 85(65.9) | 0.362 | 0.547 |
| No | 79(35.7) | 35(38.0) | 44(34.1) | |||
| Voluntary Compliance with Hospital Smoking Control Policy, n (%) | Yes | 155(70.1) | 62(67.4) | 93(72.1) | 0.567 | 0.452 |
| No | 66(29.9) | 30(32.6) | 36(27.9) |