Table 1.
Means and Frequencies of Sociodemographic and Psychosocial Characteristics
| Hookah (n=79) | C&OT (n=141) | No tobacco (n=680) | Total (n=900) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |
| Race | ||||
| Black | 11 (13.9) | 19 (13.5) | 119 (17.5) | 149 (16.6) |
| White | 15 (19.0) | 69 (48.9) | 232 (34.1) | 316 (35.1) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.7) | 21 (3.1) | 22 (2.4) |
| Native American/Alaska Native | 1 (1.3) | 7 (5.0) | 20 (2.9) | 28 (3.1) |
| Another race | 50 (63.3) | 34 (24.1) | 249 (36.6) | 333 (37.0) |
| Multiple | 2 (2.5) | 11 (7.8) | 39 (5.7) | 52 (5.8) |
| Hispanic/Latinx | 54 (68.4) | 36 (25.5) | 274 (40.3) | 364 (40.4) |
| Education < bachelor’s | 74 (93.7) | 133 (94.3) | 537 (79.0) | 744 (82.7) |
| Income < $30K | 65 (82.3) | 121 (85.8) | 428 (62.9) | 614 (68.2) |
| Depression | 18 (22.8) | 30 (21.3) | 71 (10.4) | 119 (13.2) |
| Serious psychiatric diagnosis | 2 (2.5) | 24 (17.0) | 28 (4.1) | 54 (6.0) |
| Used e-cigs in preg or 3mp | 3 (3.8) | 18 (12.8) | 0 (0.0) | 21 (2.3) |
| Used marijuana in 3mp | 29 (36.7) | 58 (41.1) | 113 (16.6) | 200 (22.2) |
| Used other drugs in 3mp | 3 (3.8) | 8 (5.7) | 1 (0.2) | 12 (1.3) |
| 40 (50.6) | 46 (32.6) | 134 (19.7) | 220 (24.4) | |
| mean (SD) | mean (SD) | mean (SD) | mean (SD) | |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 13.0 (5.3) | 14.2 (5.3) | 13.5 (5.6) | 13.6 (5.5) |
| Maternal age (years) | 25.0 (4.9) | 28.1 (4.7) | 27.2 (5.1) | 27.2 (5.1) |
| Number of children | 0.8 (1.0) | 1.7 (1.8) | 1.1 (1.2) | 1.2 (1.3) |
| Household size | 3.2 (1.5) | 3.3 (1.5) | 3.3 (1.3) | 3.3 (1.4) |
Note. E- cigs = e-cigarettes; preg = pregnancy; 3mp = 3 months prior to pregnancy. Means and frequencies that are bolded for the C&OT and no tobacco use groups are those that significantly different from the hookah group. Gestational age was estimated at the time of screening.