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The spinodal (“sp”) and binodal (“bi”) for a charged (solid lines) and for an uncharged (dashed lines) lipid layer. For the charged layer al = 65 Å2 and lD = 10 Å, implying p0 = 6.9. The uncharged lipid layer corresponds to the limit of vanishingly small Debye length; lD = 0. Upon charging the lipid layer the critical point upshifts from χc = 2, φc = 0.5 (○) to χc = 3.7, φc = 0.63 (•).
