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. 2026 Mar 13;29(4):115367. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2026.115367

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Netilmicin sulfate alone and in combination exerted protective effects on an infected A549 cell model

(A) Cytotoxic effects of the drugs on A549 cells.

(B) Protective effects of different concentrations of NETS on A549 cells. The early interventions on the abscissa reflect the incubation of A549 cells with the drug for 2 h before B. pseudomallei HNBP001 infection. Late intervention was defined as the introduction of the drug to A549 cells 2 h after infection with B. pseudomallei HNBP001. The ordinate is the survival rate of the infected A549 cells. NC: the blank negative control group of fresh 10% DMEM. Bp: infected A549 cell group. Bp+30 μM NETS: The infected A549 cells were treated with 30 μM NETS; the other conditions were the same, but different concentrations of NETS were used.

(C) Protective effects of several drugs on infected A549 cells; the ordinate is the survival rate of infected A549 cells. NC, blank negative control group of fresh 10% DMEM. Bp: infected A549 cell group. Other: The infected A549 cells were treated with drugs (including SXT, GM, NETS, CAZ, and NETS+CAZ).

(D) Number of intracellular bacteria in infected A549 cells after drug treatment; the ordinate represents the number of bacteria in infected A549 cells. NC is the blank negative control group of fresh 10% DMEM. Bp: infected A549 cell group. Drug group: 2 × MIC drug was used to treat infected A549 cells. All drugs, including SXT, GM, NETS, CAZ, and NETS+CAZ. (∗p < 0.05, ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗p < 0.001, and ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001; ns, no significant difference. Data are represented as mean ± SEM.).