Table 2. Attitude rates from Baseline, SHEPG, and RHEG; ARR, RRR, RR, and 1/RR between SHEPG and RHEG after the 12-month follow-up, 2023–2024.
| Question | Response |
Baseline
[% (n/N)] |
SHEPG
[% (n/N)] |
CHEG
[% (n/N)] |
ARR | RRR | RR | 1/RR | |||||||
| 95% CI | P | 95% CI | P | 95% CI | P | 95% CI | P | ||||||||
| Note: Chi-square tests were applied for all comparisons; however, Fisher's exact test was employed when the expected frequency of any cell fell below 5. Blank cells indicate “not calculated (with no need for calculation)”. Abbreviation: ARR=absolute risk reduction; RR=relative risk; RRR=relative risk reduction; 1/RR=protective efficacy; CI=confidence interval; SHEPG=smart health education pillbox group; RHEG=routine health education group; N/A=not applicable. * N=2,700 at baseline. At the one-year follow-up, SHEPG (N=1,021) and RHEG (N=930). Valid response counts in RHEG for Q2 and Q4 totaled 837. For Q5, valid response counts among households raising livestock were 1,888,863, and 852 across the three groups, respectively; for Q6, among households raising sheep, counts were 1,316,576, and 637, respectively; for Q7, among households raising livestock, counts were 1,545,699, and 781, respectively. ** The attitude survey regarding SHEP usage was administered exclusively in the SHEPG. | |||||||||||||||
| Q1. Would you like to wash your hands before meals? | Yes | 97.30 (2, 627/2,700) | 98.33 (1, 004/1,021) | 97.74 (909/930) | 0.59 (−0.49, 1.67) | 0.288 | 25.93 (−21.67, 73.52) | 0.288 | |||||||
| No | 2.70 (73/2,700) | 1.67 (17/1,021) | 2.26 (21/930) | 0.59 (−0.49, 1.67) | 0.288 | 26.11 (−21.74, 73.96) | 0.288 | 0.74 (0.40, 1.37) | 0.336 | 1.35 (0.73, 2.50) | 0.336 | ||||
| Q2. Would you agree to tether all your dogs? | Yes | 95.63 (2, 582/2,700) | 97.16 (992/1,021) | 95.94 (803/837)* | 1.22 (−0.40, 2.84) | 0.137 | 29.76 (−9.76, 69.29) | 0.137 | |||||||
| No | 4.37 (118/2,700) | 2.84 (29/1,021) | 4.06 (34/837)* | 1.22 (−0.40, 2.84) | 0.137 | 30.05 (−9.85, 69.95) | 0.137 | 0.70 (0.44, 1.12) | 0.139 | 1.43 (0.89, 2.27) | 0.139 | ||||
| Q3. Would you agree to free regular dog deworming? | Yes | 97.22 (2, 625/2,700) | 98.82 (1, 009/1,021) | 98.17 (913/930)* | 0.65 (−0.47, 1.77) | 0.208 | 35.71 (−25.81, 97.22) | 0.208 | |||||||
| No | 2.78 (75/2,700) | 1.18 (12/1,021) | 1.83 (17/930) | 0.65 (−0.47, 1.77) | 0.208 | 35.52 (−25.81, 97.22) | 0.208 | 0.64 (0.32, 1.30) | 0.218 | 1.56 (0.77, 3.13) | 0.218 | ||||
| Q4. Would you agree to bury dog waste deeply after deworming? | Yes | 92.70 (2, 503/2,700) | 96.38 (984/1,021) | 92.95 (778/837)* | 3.43 (1.37, 5.49) | <0.001 | 48.57 (19.42, 77.72) | <0.001 | |||||||
| No | 7.30 (197/2,700) | 3.62 (37/1,021) | 7.05 (59/837)* | 3.43 (1.37, 5.49) | <0.001 | 48.65 (19.42, 77.72) | <0.001 | 0.51 (0.35, 0.75) | <0.001 | 1.96 (1.33, 2.86) | <0.001 | ||||
| Q5. Would you support centralized slaughter? | Yes | 49.74 (939/1, 888)* | 61.76 (533/863)* | 50.32 (419/852)* | 11.44 (6.30, 16.58) | <0.001 | 22.73 (12.52, 32.94) | <0.001 | |||||||
| No | 50.26 (949/1, 888)* | 38.24 (330/863)* | 49.68 (433/852)* | 11.44 (6.30, 16.58) | <0.001 | 23.03 (12.68, 33.33) | <0.001 | 0.77 (0.69, 0.86) | <0.001 | 1.30 (1.16, 1.45) | <0.001 | ||||
| Q6. Would you agree to free lamb vaccination? | Yes | 87.16 (1, 147/1, 316)* | 88.02 (507/576)* | 86.81 (553/637)* | 1.21 (−2.78, 5.20) | 0.490 | 8.75 (−20.08, 37.58) | 0.490 | |||||||
| No | 12.84 (169/1, 316)* | 11.98 (69/576)* | 13.19 (84/637)* | 1.21 (−2.78, 5.20) | 0.490 | 9.17 (−21.08, 39.42) | 0.490 | 0.91 (0.68, 1.21) | 0.509 | 1.10 (0.83, 1.47) | 0.509 | ||||
| Q7. Would you avoid feeding dogs raw livestock organs? | Yes | 86.86 (1, 342/1, 545)* | 90.70 (634/699)* | 85.53 (668/781)* | 5.17 (1.66, 8.68) | 0.001 | 35.71 (11.46, 59.96) | 0.001 | |||||||
| No | 13.14 (203/1, 545)* | 9.30 (65/699)* | 14.47 (113/781)* | 5.17 (1.66, 8.68) | 0.001 | 35.73 (11.46, 59.96) | 0.001 | 0.64 (0.49, 0.84) | 0.001 | 1.56 (1.19, 2.04) | 0.001 | ||||
| Q8. Would you agree to free regular check-ups (screening)? | Yes | 98.26 (2, 653/2,700) | 98.33 (1, 004/1,021) | 98.28 (914/930) | 0.05 (−0.91, 1.01) | 0.901 | 2.78 (−50.00, 55.56) | 0.901 | |||||||
| No | 1.74 (47/2,700) | 1.67 (17/1,021) | 1.72 (16/930) | 0.05 (−0.91, 1.01) | 0.901 | 2.91 (−55.56, 55.56) | 0.901 | 0.97 (0.50, 1.88) | 0.929 | 1.03 (0.53, 1.99) | 0.929 | ||||
| Q9. Would you use our Smart Health Education Pillbox? | Yes | N/A | 89.72 (916/1,021)** | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | |||||||
| No | N/A | 10.28 (105/1,021)** | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||||
| Total (Q1-8) | Yes | 89.97 (16, 418/18, 249) | 91.76 (7, 583/8, 264) | 88.46 (5, 957/6, 734) | 3.30 (2.28, 4.32) | <0.001 | 28.57 (19.76, 37.38) | <0.001 | |||||||
| No | 10.03 (1, 831/18, 249) | 8.24 (681/8, 264) | 11.54 (777/6, 734) | 3.30 (2.28, 4.32) | <0.001 | 28.60 (19.76, 37.38) | <0.001 | 0.71 (0.65, 0.78) | <0.001 | 1.40 (1.28, 1.54) | <0.001 | ||||