Table 3. Practice rates from Baseline, SHEPG, and RHEG; ARR, RRR, RR, and 1/RR between SHEPG and RHEG after the 12-month follow-up, 2023–2024.
| Question | Response |
Baseline
[% (n/N)] |
SHEPG
[% (n/N)] |
CHEG
[% (n/N)] |
ARR | RRR | RR | 1/RR | ||||
| 95% CI | P | 95% CI | P | 95% CI | P | 95% CI | P | |||||
| Note: Chi-square tests were applied for all comparisons; however, Fisher's exact test was employed when the expected frequency of any cell fell below 5. Blank cells indicate “not calculated (with no need for calculation)”. Abbreviation: ARR=absolute risk reduction; RRR=relative risk reduction; RR=relative risk; 1/RR=protective efficacy; CI=confidence interval; SHEPG=smart health education pillbox group; RHEG=routine health education group. * N=2,700 at Baseline. At the one-year follow-up, SHEPG (N=1,021) and RHEG (N=930). Valid response counts for Q2 in RHEG totaled 919; for Q3 in Baseline, 2, 124; for Q5 in RHEG, 837. For Q6, among households raising livestock, counts across the three groups were 1, 888, 863, and 852, respectively; for Q7, among households raising livestock, counts were 1, 545, 699, and 781, respectively; for Q8, among households raising sheep, counts across the three groups were 1, 316, 576, and 637, respectively. | ||||||||||||
| 1. Do you wash your hands before meals? | Three times a day or more (correct) | 53.89 (1, 455/2,700) | 59.94 (612/1,021) | 54.73 (509/930) | 5.21 (1.37, 9.05) | 0.015 | 11.52 (3.03, 20.01) | 0.015 | ||||
| 1-2 times a day (partly) | 23.96 (6, 47/2,700) | 27.13 (277/1,021) | 24.95 (232/930) | −2.18 (−6.35, 1.99) | 0.250 | −8.74 (−25.45, 7.97) | 0.250 | 1.09 (0.94, 1.26) | 0.250 | 0.92 (0.79, 1.07) | 0.250 | |
| Occasionally (incorrect) | 22.15 (598/2,700) | 12.93 (132/1,021) | 20.32 (189/930) | 7.39 (4.35, 10.43 ) | <0.001 | 36.36 (21.41, 51.33) | <0.001 | 0.64 (0.52-0.78, P<0.001) | 1.57 (1.28, 1.92 ) | <0.001 | ||
| 2. How is your dog typically restrained? | Always tethered (correct) | 27.89 (753/2,700) | 31.73 (324/1,021) | 28.84 (265/919) | 2.89 (−0.97, 6.75) | 0.150 | 4.06 (−1.36, 9.49) | 0.150 | ||||
| Tethered during the day, free at night (partly) | 14.96 (404/2,700) | 13.22 (135/1,021) | 14.79 (136/919) | 1.57 (−2.18, 5.32) | 0.330 | 10.62 (−14.74, 35.97) | 0.330 | 0.89 (0.72, 1.11) | 0.300 | 1.12 (0.90, 1.39) | 0.300 | |
| Tethered in settlements, free during migration (partly) | 47.78 (1, 290/2,700) | 48.09 (491/1,021) | 48.42 (445/919) | 0.33 (−3.69, 4.35) | 0.900 | 0.68 (−7.62, 8.98) | 0.900 | 0.99 (0.90, 1.10) | 0.90 | 1.01 (0.91, 1.11) | 0.900 | |
| Never tethered (incorrect) | 9.37 (253/2,700) | 6.95 (71/1,021) | 7.94 (73/919) | 0.99 (−1.30, 3.28) | 0.400 | 12.47 (−16.37, 41.31) | 0.400 | 0.87 (0.65, 1.18) | 0.380 | 1.15 (0.85, 1.55) | 0.380 | |
| 3. Do you often pet or hug your dog? | Never (correct) | 8.24 (175/2, 124) | 10.19 (104/1,021) | 9.25 (86/930) | 0.94 (−1.96, 3.84) | 0.480 | 1.04 (−2.16, 4.23) | 0.480 | ||||
| Occasionally (partly) | 53.95 (1, 146/2, 124) | 52.69 (538/1,021) | 53.01 (493/930) | 0.32 (−3.71, 4.35) | 0.880 | 0.60 (−7.00, 8.21) | 0.880 | 0.99 (0.91, 1.09) | 0.880 | 1.01 (0.92, 1.10) | 0.880 | |
| Often (incorrect) | 37.81 (803/2, 124) | 37.12 (379/1,021) | 37.74 (351/930) | 0.62 (−3.73, 4.97) | 0.750 | 1.64 (−9.88, 13.17) | 0.750 | 0.98 (0.87, 1.11) | 0.750 | 1.02 (0.90, 1.15) | 0.750 | |
| 4. Do you deworm your dog regularly? | Yes (correct; 9-12 times/yr) | 61.00 (1, 647/2,700) | 91.38 (933/1,021) | 59.89 (557/930) | 31.49 (28.17, 34.81) | <0.001 | 78.57 (70.15, 86.99) | <0.001 | ||||
| Frequently (4-8 times/yr) (partly) | 18.11 (489/2,700) | 7.44 (76/1,021) | 16.88 (157/930) | 9.44 (6.67-12.21, P) | <0.001 | 55.92 (39.51, 72.34) | <0.001 | 0.44 (0.34, 0.57) | <0.001 | 2.27 (1.75, 2.94 ) | <0.001 | |
| Occasionally (1-3 times/year) (partly) | 17.19 (464/2,700) | 0.69 (7/1,021) | 20.65 (192/930) | 19.96 (18.06, 21.86) | <0.001 | 96.66 (87.48, 105.83 ) | <0.001 | 0.03 (0.02, 0.07) | <0.001 | 33.33 (14.29, 50.00) | <0.001 | |
| Never dewormed (incorrect) | 3.70 (100/2,700) | 0.49 (5/1,021) | 2.58 (24/930) | 2.09 (1.10, 3.08) | <0.001 | 81.01 (42.64, 119.38 ) | <0.001 | 0.19 (0.07, 0.50) | <0.001 | 5.26 (2.00, 14.29 ) | <0.001 | |
| 5. Do you properly dispose of your dog's waste after deworming? | Yes (correct; deep burial) | 51.04 (1, 378/2,700) | 54.65 (558/1,021) | 51.73 (433/837) | 2.92 (−1.34, 7.18) | 0.180 | 6.06 (−2.78, 14.91) | 0.180 | ||||
| Occasionally (partly) | 21.81 (589/2,700) | 25.17 (257/1,021) | 21.39 (179/837) | −3.78 (−7.80, 0.24) | 0.052 | −17.67 (−36.46, 1.12) | 0.052 | 1.18 (1.00, 1.39) | 0.052 | 0.85 (0.72, 1.00) | 0.052 | |
| Untreated (incorrect) | 27.15 (733/2,700) | 20.18 (206/1,021) | 26.88 (225/837) | 6.70 (2.51, 10.89) | <0.001 | 24.93 (9.34, 40.52) | <0.001 | 0.75 (0.64, 0.88) | <0.001 | 1.33 (1.14, 1.56) | <0.001 | |
| 6. Do you often slaughter cattle and sheep at home? | No (correct) | 18.17 (343/1, 888)* | 19.00 (164/863)* | 17.72 (151/852)* | 1.28 (−2.97, 5.53) | 0.480 | 7.22 (−16.76, 31.21) | 0.480 | ||||
| Yes (incorrect) | 81.83 (1, 545/1, 888)* | 81.00 (699/863)* | 82.28 (701/852)* | 1.28 (−2.97, 5.53) | 0.480 | 1.56 (−3.61, 6.72) | 0.480 | 0.98 (0.94, 1.03) | 0.480 | 1.02 (0.97, 1.06) | 0.480 | |
| 7. Do you feed the internal organs of the cattle and sheep to dogs? | Never (correct) | 61.04 (943/1, 545)* | 67.81 (474/699)* | 60.95 (476/781)* | 6.86 (2.06, 11.66) | 0.006 | 17.62 (5.29, 29.95) | 0.006 | ||||
| Occasionally (partly) | 25.18 (389/1, 545)* | 22.03 (154/699)* | 25.74 (201/781)* | 3.71 (−0.70, 8.12) | 0.100 | 14.41 (−2.72, 31.54) | 0.100 | 0.86 (0.71, 1.03) | 0.100 | 1.17 (0.97, 1.41) | 0.100 | |
| Frequently (incorrect) | 13.79 (213/1, 545)* | 10.16 (71/699)* | 13.32 (104/781)* | 3.16 (−0.63, 6.95) | 0.064 | 23.72 (−4.73, 52.18) | 0.064 | 0.76 (0.58, 1.01) | 0.058 | 1.32 (0.99, 1.72) | 0.058 | |
| 8. Are your lambs vaccinated regularly? | Regularly (correct) | 55.02 (724/1, 316)* | 55.21 (318/576)* | 54.79 (349/637)* | 0.42 (−4.86, 5.70) | 0.890 | 0.93 (−10.71, 12.57) | 0.890 | ||||
| Irregularly (partly) | 25.23 (332/1, 316)* | 27.60 (159/576)* | 26.06 (166/637)* | −1.54 (−6.66, 3.58) | 0.560 | −5.91 (−25.56, 13.74) | 0.560 | 1.06 (0.88, 1.27) | 0.560 | 0.94 (0.79, 1.14) | 0.560 | |
| No (incorrect) | 19.76 (260/1, 316)* | 17.19 (99/576)* | 19.15 (122/637)* | 1.96 (−2.38, 6.30) | 0.37 | 10.24 (−12.43, 32.91) | 0.37 | 0.90 (0.71, 1.14) | 0.37 | 1.11 (0.88, 1.41) | 0.37 | |
| 9. Do you regularly participate in echinococcosis screening? | Regularly (correct) | 73.30 (1, 979/2,700) | 86.68 (885/1,021) | 74.30 (691/930) | 12.38 (9.16, 15.60) | <0.001 | 48.15 (35.67, 60.63) | <0.001 | ||||
| Irregularly (partly) | 24.04 (649/2,700) | 12.83 (131/1,021) | 24.84 (231/930) | 12.01 (8.81, 15.21) | <0.001 | 48.35 (35.47, 61.23 ) | <0.001 | 0.52 (0.43, 0.62) | <0.001 | 1.92 (1.61, 2.33) | <0.001 | |
| No (incorrect) | 2.67 (72/2,700) | 0.49 (5/1,021) | 0.86 (8/930) | 0.37 (−0.37, 1.11) | 0.32 | 43.02 (−43.02, 129.07) | 0.320 | 0.57 (0.19, 1.71) | 0.320 | 1.75 (0.59, 5.26) | 0.320 | |
| Total (Q1-9) | Correct | 46.12 (9, 397/20, 373) | 52.90 (4, 372/8, 264) | 45.40 (3, 517/7, 746) | 7.50 (5.96, 9.04) | <0.001 | 13.74 (10.91, 16.56) | <0.001 | ||||
| Partly correct+incorrect | 53.88 (10, 976/20, 373) | 47.10 (3, 892/8, 264) | 54.60 (4, 229/7, 746) | 7.50 (5.96, 9.04) | <0.001 | 13.74 (10.91, 16.56) | <0.001 | 0.86 (0.84, 0.89) | <0.001 | 1.16 (1.14, 1.19) | <0.001 | |