Figure 3.

Regression analysis for carnivores of independent contrasts between mean offspring number per nipple and (a) residual prenatal growth rate, y = 0.43 ± 0.16x; r² = 0.19, F_1,31 = 7.20; P < 0.02 (after control for relationship between contrasts in prenatal growth rate and maternal body mass, r² = 0.19, F_1,31 = 6.85; P < 0.02) and (b) residual postnatal growth rate, y = −0.76 ± 0.28x; r² = 0.25, F_1,22 = 7.16; P < 0.02 (after control for relationship between contrasts in postnatal growth rate and neonate mass, r² = 0.42, F_1,22 = 15.11; P < 0.001).