Membrane cross sections at L/2 for a circular domain of radius 12. (a) Varying by changing σ. (From left to right, σ = 6, 15, 25, 50, and 100; α = 0.3 and κ = 100.) (b) Changing α and σ to vary β and maintain fixed (From left to right, α = 1, σ = 240; α = 0.5, σ = 60; α = 0.3, σ = 27; α = 0.24, σ = 13; α = 0.1, and σ = 2.6.) (c) Varying σ and κ while maintaining β = 2.3 and with α = 0.5. The thick solid line corresponds to the location of the S domain. Note that the vertical scale is magnified compared to the horizontal scale, and the small slope limit ∂h/∂r ≪ 1 is well satisfied in all cases.