Table 1. Epidemiological profiles and risk assessment indicators for key Nipah virus-affected countries (1999–2026).
| Country | Cumulative cases | Cumulative deaths | Case fatality rate (%) | R0 | Monthly inbound aviation capacity (thousand)*† | Trade in animals and animal products (million CNY) † | Terrestrial proximity to China | The time lag between the latest outbreak of Nipah Virus infection and 2026 by country (years) |
| Note: ~ means around. Abbreviation: CNY=Chinese Yuan; R0=basic reproductive number. * data represent total monthly seats capacity for inbound routes to China; † monthly data; cumulative cases and cumulative case fatality rate (%) of Nipah virus infection were from the year of 1999–2026. | ||||||||
| Bangladesh | 348 | 250 | 71.84 | 0.33–0.48 | 36 | 56.93 | Non-bordering but proximal | 0 |
| India | 106 | 74 | 69.81 | ~0.33 | 26 | 1,252.20 | Bordering with natural barriers | 0 |
| Malaysia | 265 | 105 | 39.62 | ~0 | 290 | 1,202.01 | Non-adjacent and ocean-isolated | 27 |
| Philippines | 17 | 9 | 52.94 | ~0 | 135 | 163.88 | Non-adjacent and ocean-isolated | 12 |
| Singapore | 11 | 1 | 9.09 | <0.1 | 375 | 34.95 | Non-adjacent and ocean-isolated | 27 |