Table 3. Risk assessment indicators of importation likelihood, consequences, and corresponding scores.

Assessment indicators	Factors	Classification	Risk score
Abbreviation: CNY=Chinese Yuan; R0=basic reproductive number. * data represent total monthly seats capacity for inbound routes to China; † monthly data; cumulative cases and cumulative case fatality rate (%) of Nipah virus infection were from the year of 1999–2026.
Importation likelihood	Cumulative cases	≤49	2
		50–499	4
		500–999	6
		1,000–4,999	8
		≥5,000	10
	Monthly inbound aviation capacity (seats)*†	≤49	2
		50–299	4
		300–799	6
		800–1,499	8
		≥1,500	10
	Monthly importation value of animals and animal products (Million CNY)†	≤49	2
		50–499	4
		500–1,999	6
		2,000–4,999	8
		≥5,000	10
	Terrestrial proximity to China	Non-adjacent and ocean-isolated	2
		Non-bordering but proximal	4
		Bordering with natural barriers	6
		Bordering with land ports of entry	8
		Bordering with extensive, porous boundaries	10
	The time lag between the latest outbreak of Nipah virus infection and 2026 by country (years)	≤1	10
		2–3	8
		4–5	6
		6–9	4
		≥10	2
Importation consequences	R0	≤0.5	2
		0.6–0.9	4
		1–1.4	6
		1.5–2.4	8
		≥2.5	10
	Cumulative case fatality rate (%)	≤9	2
		10–39	4
		40–59	6
		60–79	8
		≥80	10