Skip to main content
. 2026 Mar 25;17:1785496. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1785496

Table 2.

Comparison of measurement models.

Model Description χ 2 df χ2/df Δχ2/Δdf CFI TLI RMSEA SRMR
Model 1 Three-factor model
(EL, Res, OI)
614.68 455 1.35 - 0.93 0.93 0.04 0.05
Model 2 Two-factor model
(EL + Res, OI)
761.57 463 1.64 18.36 0.87 0.86 0.05 0.06
Model 3 Two-factor model
(EL, Res + OI)
685.70 457 1.50 35.51 0.90 0.89 0.05 0.06
Model 4 One-factor model
(All combined)
866.42 464 1.87 27.97 0.83 0.82 0.06 0.06

N, 218; χ2, Chi-square, df, degree of freedom, Δχ2/Δdf is the ratio of the differences in χ2 to the difference in df, compared with the baseline Model 1. EL, empowering leadership, Res, resilience, OI, organizational identification. CFI, Comparative Fit Index, TLI, Tucker-Lewis Index, RMSEA, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation, SRMR, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual.