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. 2026 Mar 25;17:1785496. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1785496

Table 5.

Total, direct and indirect effects of empowering leadership on organizational identification.

Effect type Effect size Boot SE Boot LLCI Boot ULCI
Total effect 0.74 0.05 0.64 0.84
Direct effect 0.61 0.06 0.49 0.73
Indirect effect 0.13 0.04 0.06 0.22

Bootstrap samples = 5,000. Confidence intervals are bias-corrected 95% intervals. Boot SE, Bootstrap Standard Error; LLCI, Lower Limit of Confidence Interval; ULCI, Upper Limit of Confidence Interval.