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. 2026 Feb 28;16:11399. doi: 10.1038/s41598-026-41062-9

Table 3.

Discriminant validity test of each variable.

PC IN CU HNSM PU PEU UI
PC 0.780
IN 0.483*** 0.643
CU 0.297*** 0.914*** 0.730
HNSM 0.368*** 0.761*** 0.773*** 0.655
PU 0.290*** 0.564*** 0.581*** 0.502*** 0.734
PEU 0.325*** 0.650*** 0.669*** 0.534*** 0.706*** 0.716
UI 0.262*** 0.680*** 0.753*** 0.850*** 0.510*** 0.552*** 0.686

***Significant at the 0.001 level, the values on the diagonal in the table represent the square root of the AVE for each dimension.