Table 2.
Comparison of demographic and clinical information among the diagnostic groups
| Total | SCZ | BD | χ2/t | P | φc/Cohen’s d | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 23.99 (8.05) | 22.25 (7.21) | 25.26 (8.43) | −3.46 | <0.001 | −0.38 |
| Education years | 12.86 (2.99) | 11.81 (3.00) | 13.64 (2.74) | −5.85 | <0.001 | −0.64 |
| Duration of illness (months) | 34.84 (43.69) | 16.22 (21.81) | 48.57 (50.27) | −6.84 | <0.001 | −0.84 |
| Age of onset (years) | 20.89 (7.31) | 20.96 (7.08) | 20.84 (7.50) | 0.15 | 0.88 | 0.016 |
| Diagnosis | 0.30 | 0.59 | −0.029 | |||
| Male | 145 | 60 | 85 | |||
| Female | 194 | 86 | 108 | |||
| PANSS | ||||||
| Positive factor | 9.82 (5.45) | 14.14 (4.10) | 6.40 (3.67) | 18.01 | <0.001 | 1.99 |
| Negative factor | 14.09 (7.84) | 19.12 (7.46) | 10.11 (5.52) | 12.57 | <0.001 | 1.37 |
| Disorganized factor | 7.30 (3.79) | 9.13 (3.86) | 5.85 (3.03) | 8.63 | <0.001 | 0.95 |
| Excited factor | 7.78 (4.18) | 8.73 (4.38) | 7.03 (3.86) | 3.74 | <0.001 | 0.41 |
| Depressed factor | 7.02 (3.08) | 6.88 (2.96) | 7.12 (3.18) | −0.69 | 0.49 | −0.078 |
| HAMD | ||||||
| Anxiety | 2.73 (2.31) | 2.69 (2.31) | 2.77 (2.31) | −0.30 | 0.77 | −0.035 |
| Depression | 4.22 (3.60) | 3.56 (2.93) | 4.71 (3.96) | −2.95 | 0.003 | −0.33 |
| Insomnia | 1.57 (1.62) | 1.32 (1.48) | 1.76 (1.71) | −2.49 | 0.013 | −0.28 |
| Somatic symptoms | 1.04 (1.41) | 0.77 (1.24) | 1.24 (1.50) | −3.08 | 0.002 | −0.34 |
| YMRS | 7.65 (8.30) | 7.08 (6.79) | 8.08 (9.24) | −1.09 | 0.28 | −0.12 |
| Cognitive function | ||||||
| TMT-A time | 41.10 (17.03) | 41.58 (17.45) | 40.73 (16.74) | 0.44 | 0.66 | 0.05 |
| TMT-B time | 69.20 (32.10) | 72.28 (34.55) | 66.87 (30.00) | 1.48 | 0.14 | 0.17 |
| DSB | 50.80 (17.64) | 44.60 (15.74) | 55.08 (17.65) | −5.34 | <0.001 | −0.63 |
| Logical memory immediately | 7.69 (4.35) | 6.57 (4.11) | 8.08 (4.57) | −4.07 | <0.001 | −0.35 |
| Logical memory delayed | 5.88 (4.21) | 4.76 (3.76) | 6.71 (4.34) | −4.03 | <0.001 | −0.48 |
| GAF | 53.24 (14.30) | 48.11 (13.06) | 57.08 (14.02) | −5.97 | <0.001 | −0.66 |
Note: P < .05 are shown in bold. SCZ, schizophrenia; BD, bipolar disorder; PANSS, the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale; HAMD, Hamilton depression scale; YMRS, Young mania rating scale; TMT, trail making test; DSB, digital symbol substitution; GAF, global assessment of functioning.