Table 2.
Characteristics of the Total Participants and Three Age Groups (20-39-year, 40-64-year, and ≥65-year) in Females.
| Total participants | 20-39-year group | 40-64-year group | ≥65-year group | Main effect | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 479) | (n = 94) | (n = 164) | (n = 221) | p-Value | |
| Height (cm) | 156.0 (151.0-160.0) | 158.6 (155.3-161.0) | 159.1 (155.5-162.1) | 152.1 (147.2-155.9)a,b | <0.001c |
| Weight (kg) | 51.9 (46.6-57.9) | 51.2 (47.6-56.6) | 55.2 (47.9-62.8) a | 50.1 (45.6-55.9)b | <0.001c |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.5 (19.6-24.2) | 20.3 (19.2-22.5) | 22.0 (19.5-24.8) a | 21.8 (20.0-24.6)a | <0.001c |
| ECW/TBW | 0.389 (0.384-0.394) | 0.384 (0.379-0.388) | 0.385 (0.382-0.389) a | 0.394 (0.390-0.399)a,b | <0.001c |
| Number of medications | 1.0 (0.0-3.0) | 0.0 (0.0-1.0) | 0.5 (0.0-2.0) a | 2.0 (1.0-4.0)a,b | <0.001c |
| Prevalence of pain | 287 (59.9) | 44 (46.8) | 110 (67.1) | 133 (60.2) | 0.006d |
| Prevalence of medical history | 226 (47.2) | 7 (7.4) | 56 (34.1) | 163 (73.8) | <0.001d |
| Hypertension | 130 (27.1) | 0 (0.0) | 24 (14.6) | 106 (48.0) | <0.001d |
| Diabetes | 36 (7.5) | 1 (1.1) | 8 (4.9) | 27 (12.2) | <0.001d |
| Dyslipidemia | 80 (16.7) | 1 (1.1) | 23 (14.0) | 56 (25.3) | <0.001d |
| Heart disease | 26 (5.4) | 1 (1.1) | 4 (2.4) | 21 (9.5) | <0.001d |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 8 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | 7 (3.2) | 0.085d |
| Fracture | 41 (8.6) | 4 (4.3) | 9 (5.5) | 28 (12.7) | 0.011d |
| Osteoarthritis | 27 (5.6) | 0 (0.0) | 9 (5.5) | 18 (8.1) | 0.016d |
| Grip strength (kg) | 24.5 (21.2-27.6) | 26.0 (22.8-29.7) | 26.8 (23.1-29.5) | 22.5 (20.2-25.0)a,b | <0.001c |
| Gait speed (m/s) | 1.3 (1.2-1.4) | 1.3 (1.2-1.4) | 1.3 (1.2-1.5)a | 1.3 (1.1-1.4)b | <0.001c |
Data are presented as median (25th-75th percentile), or n (%). Medical history increases with age, which may influence the observed changes in ECW/TBW.
ap < 0.05 (significant from the 20-39-year group; based on Bonferroni test).
bp < 0.05 (significant from the 40-64-year group; based on Bonferroni test).
cMain effect of the Kruskal-Wallis test.
dχ2 test.
BMI: body mass index; ECW/TBW: extracellular water-to-total body water ratio.