Table 2.
Weighted prevalence of digestive diseases across socioeconomic and residence
| Variables | Socioeconomic status | Residence | Total N = 29,817 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poor n = 15,189 | Non poor n = 14,628 | Urban n = 17,755 | Rural n = 12,062 | ||
| % (SE) | % (SE) | % (SE) | % (SE) | % (SE) | |
| Proportion of Digestive diseases | 12.11 (0.31) | 14.18 (0.34) | 14.76 (0.30) | 11.44 (0.35) | 13.11 (0.23) |
| Sociodemographic | |||||
| Age | |||||
| 15–24 | 14.25 (0.76) | 13.97 (0.62) | 15.31 (0.62) | 12.59 (0.75) | 14.08 (0.48) |
| 25–44 | 12.81 (0.44) | 15.36 (0.51) | 15.61 (0.43) | 12.42 (0.52) | 14.05 (0.33) |
| 45–59 | 12.01 (0.65) | 12.45 (0.70) | 13.68 (0.63) | 10.85 (0.71) | 12.21 (0.48) |
| ≥ 60 | 9.30 (0.76) | 14.92 (1.20) | 13.98 (0.95) | 9.28 (0.91) | 11.48 (0.66) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 10.03 (0.37) | 10.80 (0.52) | 11.15 (0.39) | 9.38 (0.47) | 10.27 (0.30) |
| Female | 15.36 (0.55) | 15.68 (0.44) | 17.93 (0.45) | 13.21 (0.51) | 15.56 (0.34) |
| Marital status | |||||
| Married | 11.79 (0.35) | 14.25 (0.41) | 14.54 (0.36) | 11.39 (0.40) | 12.91 (0.27) |
| Single | 13.25 (0.67) | 14.01 (0.61) | 15.31 (0.57) | 11.62 (0.73) | 13.67 (0.45) |
| Education level | |||||
| Non or low than high school | 10.53 (0.36) | 12.33 (0.39) | 12.52 (0.36) | 10.51 (0.38) | 11.39 (0.26) |
| High school and above | 16.79 (0.64) | 19.63 (0.69) | 19.07 (0.54) | 16.23 (0.91) | 18.15 (0.47) |
| Life style | |||||
| Smoking staus | |||||
| Non smoker | 13.69 (0.45) | 15.25 (0.41) | 16.52 (0.39) | 12.53 (0.46) | 14.59 (0.30) |
| Former smoker | 14.65 (1.42) | 16.63 (2.21) | 15.40 (1.39) | 15.03 (2.07) | 15.24 (1.19) |
| Current smoker | 9.77 (0.45) | 10.07 (0.61) | 10.78 (0.49) | 9.08 (0.53) | 9.86 (0.36) |
| Physical activity | |||||
| Low | 11.86 (0.65) | 13.22 (0.64) | 13.34 (0.55) | 11.28 (0.54) | 12.69 (0.38) |
| Moderate | 12.46 (0.50) | 15.29 (0.56) | 15.91 (0.49) | 11.56 (0.58) | 13.86 (0.38) |
| High | 11.93 (0.51) | 13.61 (0.58) | 14.46 (0.53) | 11.57 (0.75) | 12.55 (0.45) |
| Health realted factor | |||||
| Self-Reported Health | |||||
| Healthy | 10.20 (0.32) | 12.33 (0.36) | 13.01 (0.32) | 9.39 (0.36) | 11.21 (0.24) |
| Unhealthy | 19.03 (0.84) | 20.56 (0.86) | 21.06 (0.77) | 18.54 (0.92) | 19.78 (0.60) |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| No | 9.95 (0.33) | 12.98 (0.36) | 12.56 (0.32) | 9.49 (0.36) | 10.97 (0.24) |
| Yes | 17.51 (0.72) | 19.49 (0.78) | 19.65 (0.65) | 17.02 (0.87) | 18.45 (0.53) |
| BMI | |||||
| Normal | 11.57 (0.40) | 14.10 (0.46) | 14.46 (0.41) | 11.17 (0.44) | 12.73 (0.30) |
| Underweight | 12.51 (0.97) | 13.70 (0.94) | 15.29 (0.93) | 11.35 (0.96) | 13.08 (0.68) |
| Overweight | 12.84 (0.67) | 14.37 (0.69) | 14.98 (0.60) | 11.89 (0.78) | 13.62 (0.48) |
| Obese | 13.54 (1.27) | 14.69 (1.20) | 15.20 (1.01) | 12.61 (1.58) | 14.18 (0.87) |
| Depressive symptoms | |||||
| No | 10.93 (0.34) | 12.94 (0.38) | 13.38 (0.33) | 10.40 (0.38) | 11.89 (0.25) |
| Yes | 16.69 (0.77) | 18.52 (0.79) | 19.74 (0.72) | 15.38 (0.83) | 17.61 (0.55) |
| Food Frequency | |||||
| Protein consumption per week | |||||
| < 7 | 12.22 (0.41) | 14.57 (0.44) | 15.20 (0.40) | 11.44 (0.46) | 13.36 (0.30) |
| ≥ 7 | 14.57 (0.44) | 13.60 (0.53) | 14.09 (0.46) | 11.45 (0.54) | 12.74 (0.36) |
| Vegetables consumption per week | |||||
| < 7 | 12.47 (0.44) | 13.71 (0.45) | 14.66 (0.41) | 11.45 (0.48) | 13.07 (0.31) |
| ≥ 7 | 11.70 (0.44) | 14.76 (0.52) | 14.88 (0.44) | 11.44 (0.51) | 13.15 (0.34) |
| Fruits consumption per week | |||||
| < 7 | 12.18 (0.41) | 15.01 (0.46) | 15.10 (0.39) | 11.88 (0.48) | 13.53 (0.31) |
| ≥ 7 | 12.02 (0.48) | 13.02 (0.50) | 14.25 (0.47) | 10.86 (0.51) | 12.51 (0.35) |
| Unhealthy Food consumption per week | |||||
| < 7 | 11.43 (0.40) | 14.50 (0.45) | 14.28 (0.39) | 11.48 (0.46) | 12.89 (0.30) |
| ≥ 7 | 13.02 (0.50) | 13.78 (0.52) | 15.40 (0.47) | 11.39 (0.54) | 13.39 (0.36) |
| Environment factors | |||||
| Water source | |||||
| Improved | 12.45 (0.34) | 14.77 (0.37) | 15.09 (0.32) | 11.83 (0.39) | 13.56 (0.25) |
| Unimproved | 9.73 (0.83) | 10.29 (0.86) | 10.76 (0.98) | 9.68 (0.75) | 10.01 (0.60) |
| Water treatment | |||||
| Boiled | 12.44 (0.32) | 14.45 (0.35) | 14.90 (0.31) | 11.85 (0.36) | 13.40 (0.24) |
| Un boiled | 4.33 (0.87) | 7.70 (1.47) | 8.93 (1.43) | 4.77 (1.03) | 5.94 (0.84) |
| Sanitation facility (sewage) | |||||
| Improved | 11.06 (0.62) | 13,70 (0.70) | 14.82 (0.70) | 10.70 (0.62) | 12.36 (0.47) |
| Unimproved | 12.45 (0.36) | 14.34 (0.39) | 14.75 (0.33) | 11.75 (0.42) | 13.35 (0.26) |
| Garbage disposal | |||||
| Friendly | 12.99 (0.47) | 15.72 (0.53) | 15.57 (0.40) | 10.98 (0.73) | 14.30 (0.35) |
| Unfriendly | 11.53 (0.42) | 13.17 (0.44) | 13.68 (0.46) | 11.57 (0.40) | 12.32 (0.30) |
Weighted analyses using IFLS-5 individual cross-sectional survey weights (pwt14usxa), Chi-square significance assessed using survey design, Poor/non-poor based on PCA wealth index; urban/rural classification follows IFLS codes