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. 2026 Feb 27;64(4):e01128-25. doi: 10.1128/jcm.01128-25

TABLE 3.

Species-specific diagnostic performance of the culture-free method compared with that of the culture methoda,b,c

AFB smear Species Sensitivity Specificity PPV NPV
M. avium
subsp. hominissuis
9.1% (2/22) 100.0% (46/46) 100.0% (2/2) 69.7% (46/66)
M. intracellulare subsp. intracellulare 20.0% (1/5) 98.4% (62/63) 50.0% (1/2) 93.9% (62/66)
M. intracellulare subsp. chimaera 0.0% (0/2) 100.0% (66/66) N.A. (0/0) 100.0% (68/68)
M. abscessus subsp. abscessus 33.3% (1/3) 98.5% (64/65) 50.0% (1/2) 97.0% (64/66)
M. abscessus subsp. massiliense 0.0% (0/1) 100.0% (67/67) N.A. (0/0) 98.5% (67/68)
M. tuberculosis 100.0% (1/1) 100.0% (67/67) 100.0% (1/1) 100.0% (67/67)
M. paragordonae 0.0% (0/1) 100.0% (67/67) N.A. (0/0) 98.5% (67/68)
+ M. avium
subsp. hominissuis
73.1% (19/26) 93.5% (29/31) 90.5% (19/21) 80.6% (29/36)
M. intracellulare subsp. intracellulare 82.4% (14/17) 97.5% (39/40) 93.3% (14/15) 92.9% (39/42)
M. intracellulare subsp. chimaera 66.7% (2/3) 100.0% (54/54) 100.0% (2/2) 98.2% (54/55)
M. abscessus subsp. abscessus 100.0% (4/4) 100.0% (53/53) 100.0% (4/4) 100.0% (53/53)
M. abscessus subsp. massiliense 75.0% (3/4) 100.0% (53/53) 100.0% (3/3) 98.1% (53/54)
M. kansasii 100.0% (1/1) 100.0% (56/56) 100.0% (1/1) 100.0% (56/56)
M. mucogenicum 0.0% (0/1) 100.0% (56/56) N.A. (0/0) 98.2% (56/57)
M. simiae 0.0% (0/1) 100.0% (56/56) N.A. (0/0) 98.2% (56/57)
a

AFB: acid-fast bacilli; PPV: positive predictive value; NPV: negative predictive value; −: negative; +: positive; M. avium: Mycobacterium avium; M. intracellulare: Mycobacterium intracellulare; M. abscessus: Mycobacterium abscessus; M. tuberculosis: Mycobacterium tuberculosis; M. paragordonae: Mycobacterium paragordonae; M. kansasii: Mycobacterium kansasii; M. mucogenicum: Mycobacterium mucogenicum; M. simiae: Mycobacterium simiae; subsp.: subspecies; N.A.: not applicable.

b

Data are presented as number (%).

c

Performance metrics were calculated for each NTM species using 2 × 2 contingency tables comparing the results of the culture-free and culture methods.