Figure 1.
Variation in the apparent length of a linear stimulus as a function of its orientation in the retinal image. The function shown is an average of the psychophysical data reported in refs. 2–4. Orientation is expressed as the angle between the line and the horizontal axis. The maximum length seen by observers occurs when the line is oriented 20–30° from the vertical axis, at which point it appears about 10–15% longer than the minimum length seen when the orientation of the stimulus is horizontal.
